Block #312,734

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/15/2013, 3:56:43 AM · Difficulty 9.9959 · 6,503,891 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
c447960a4099f09169638250e87e62149b1da1111e53ddfd713e95420de1da55

Height

#312,734

Difficulty

9.995903

Transactions

8

Size

3.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fef37c

Nonce

75,217

Timestamp

12/15/2013, 3:56:43 AM

Confirmations

6,503,891

Merkle Root

994a7980a985b5f124cf3fad8c78105414432c21fb459145fb1e02ce6509f11a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.071 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
20719468210477339707…25979603271977915201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.071 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
20719468210477339707…25979603271977915201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.143 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
41438936420954679415…51959206543955830401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.287 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
82877872841909358830…03918413087911660801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.657 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16575574568381871766…07836826175823321601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.315 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33151149136763743532…15673652351646643201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.630 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
66302298273527487064…31347304703293286401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.326 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13260459654705497412…62694609406586572801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.652 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26520919309410994825…25389218813173145601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.304 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
53041838618821989651…50778437626346291201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,777,123 XPM·at block #6,816,624 · updates every 60s
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