Block #312,318

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2013, 11:13:53 PM · Difficulty 9.9958 · 6,490,480 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8043ee3a1d6199dcf9cf843d393dfc84dbdfaffc0e2d7b4193b49fbebfb8db90

Height

#312,318

Difficulty

9.995780

Transactions

6

Size

1.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

09feeb73

Nonce

8,416

Timestamp

12/14/2013, 11:13:53 PM

Confirmations

6,490,480

Merkle Root

db5a092a7ddad5453989f4980945c38bf8898cfc2d81d4389e6f657faddfc1f8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.767 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17678858360999076668…61761701369114160001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.767 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17678858360999076668…61761701369114160001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.535 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
35357716721998153336…23523402738228320001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.071 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
70715433443996306672…47046805476456640001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.414 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14143086688799261334…94093610952913280001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.828 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28286173377598522669…88187221905826560001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.657 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56572346755197045338…76374443811653120001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.131 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11314469351039409067…52748887623306240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.262 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22628938702078818135…05497775246612480001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.525 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45257877404157636270…10995550493224960001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.051 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90515754808315272541…21991100986449920001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,666,411 XPM·at block #6,802,797 · updates every 60s
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