Block #311,904

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2013, 6:56:45 PM · Difficulty 9.9956 · 6,481,088 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
c44ee07ab6211753a645789da273587910aec7fcf25a81d3f2f3e83bc4bd4502

Height

#311,904

Difficulty

9.995634

Transactions

8

Size

2.69 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fee1e3

Nonce

2,718

Timestamp

12/14/2013, 6:56:45 PM

Confirmations

6,481,088

Merkle Root

ee5f568b2ed6ba4ef83cd87260f032e9beb0b800699cfca89c9f11d7f821f451
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.740 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
67400789948898842392…99481679170686109441
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.740 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
67400789948898842392…99481679170686109441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.348 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13480157989779768478…98963358341372218881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.696 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26960315979559536957…97926716682744437761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.392 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53920631959119073914…95853433365488875521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.078 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10784126391823814782…91706866730977751041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.156 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21568252783647629565…83413733461955502081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.313 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43136505567295259131…66827466923911004161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.627 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86273011134590518262…33654933847822008321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.725 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17254602226918103652…67309867695644016641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.450 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34509204453836207305…34619735391288033281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,587,919 XPM·at block #6,792,991 · updates every 60s
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