Block #311,674

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2013, 4:22:41 PM · Difficulty 9.9956 · 6,484,411 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
4af745d74d102c3c28b7cc44967e0d01e7f52f951c9ef2a612a67f27eac73876

Height

#311,674

Difficulty

9.995560

Transactions

9

Size

3.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fedd00

Nonce

20,704

Timestamp

12/14/2013, 4:22:41 PM

Confirmations

6,484,411

Merkle Root

e9f6449b76c97f109a0c45ab4b915d48ec8b0b25c66a0af113b6706906df4a9f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.496 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54968730853945265901…89838737301759500801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.496 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54968730853945265901…89838737301759500801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.099 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10993746170789053180…79677474603519001601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.198 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21987492341578106360…59354949207038003201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.397 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
43974984683156212721…18709898414076006401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.794 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87949969366312425442…37419796828152012801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.758 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17589993873262485088…74839593656304025601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.517 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35179987746524970177…49679187312608051201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.035 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70359975493049940354…99358374625216102401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.407 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14071995098609988070…98716749250432204801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.814 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28143990197219976141…97433498500864409601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
5.628 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56287980394439952283…94866997001728819201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,612,678 XPM·at block #6,796,084 · updates every 60s
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