Block #311,474

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2013, 2:18:39 PM · Difficulty 9.9955 · 6,480,650 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
0d544a1ed43521096ab5281effb1b3a434be54a0f109a1363469695f85418de9

Height

#311,474

Difficulty

9.995484

Transactions

17

Size

8.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fed812

Nonce

99,231

Timestamp

12/14/2013, 2:18:39 PM

Confirmations

6,480,650

Merkle Root

e26eeb467add983d44ae44530565997f90c1507ba33ec75e4a0f19373cb3a52e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.212 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62128858704839555196…48037373789911166401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.212 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62128858704839555196…48037373789911166401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.242 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12425771740967911039…96074747579822332801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.485 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24851543481935822078…92149495159644665601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.970 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49703086963871644156…84298990319289331201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
9.940 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
99406173927743288313…68597980638578662401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.988 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19881234785548657662…37195961277157324801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.976 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39762469571097315325…74391922554314649601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.952 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
79524939142194630651…48783845108629299201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.590 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15904987828438926130…97567690217258598401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.180 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31809975656877852260…95135380434517196801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,580,943 XPM·at block #6,792,123 · updates every 60s
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