Block #311,250

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/14/2013, 11:50:39 AM · Difficulty 9.9954 · 6,499,905 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
374009636e90b190176c7babac6ad5b1ee979cb7ccd9297826a743b6f9d1b7e2

Height

#311,250

Difficulty

9.995408

Transactions

15

Size

4.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fed316

Nonce

51,207

Timestamp

12/14/2013, 11:50:39 AM

Confirmations

6,499,905

Merkle Root

b4efced8b685e42eaa7606f268f4f21aba75c4187e0c4779762cc376a751e9c7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.633 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96338733286444021574…27254950127348072639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.633 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96338733286444021574…27254950127348072639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.633 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96338733286444021574…27254950127348072641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.926 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19267746657288804314…54509900254696145279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.926 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19267746657288804314…54509900254696145281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.853 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38535493314577608629…09019800509392290559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.853 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38535493314577608629…09019800509392290561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.707 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77070986629155217259…18039601018784581119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.707 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77070986629155217259…18039601018784581121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.541 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15414197325831043451…36079202037569162239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.541 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15414197325831043451…36079202037569162241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,733,351 XPM·at block #6,811,154 · updates every 60s
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