Block #3,112,267

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/27/2019, 8:27:04 AM · Difficulty 11.2374 · 3,705,713 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e1c845aed39fc1416ebdfa705c63fd0a93e84033ea74dc89a9983625d040c1e6

Height

#3,112,267

Difficulty

11.237428

Transactions

7

Size

2.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b3cc817

Nonce

493,347,377

Timestamp

3/27/2019, 8:27:04 AM

Confirmations

3,705,713

Merkle Root

d4adfe1f04cb566bba316d4bb53ffe99e68ba96b4abd7671822843328cf432ac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.808 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
78085929723780266760…03590119409783549999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.808 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
78085929723780266760…03590119409783549999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.808 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
78085929723780266760…03590119409783550001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.561 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15617185944756053352…07180238819567099999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.561 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15617185944756053352…07180238819567100001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.123 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31234371889512106704…14360477639134199999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.123 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31234371889512106704…14360477639134200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.246 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
62468743779024213408…28720955278268399999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.246 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
62468743779024213408…28720955278268400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.249 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12493748755804842681…57441910556536799999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.249 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12493748755804842681…57441910556536800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.498 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24987497511609685363…14883821113073599999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,787,910 XPM·at block #6,817,979 · updates every 60s
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