Block #310,520

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2013, 2:51:44 AM · Difficulty 9.9952 · 6,505,915 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
fd77a76d4144662fe5f41ed24a0dabcfa4342245876353cca4a2789eb3804a27

Height

#310,520

Difficulty

9.995209

Transactions

13

Size

3.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fec602

Nonce

168,382

Timestamp

12/14/2013, 2:51:44 AM

Confirmations

6,505,915

Merkle Root

b3986c18f8c50e4fdb4f0f866c0179b90a0b726ad61a621fa2923a23f68eb86e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.451 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14515941935191152253…43802059513934939841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.451 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14515941935191152253…43802059513934939841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.903 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
29031883870382304506…87604119027869879681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.806 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
58063767740764609012…75208238055739759361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.161 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11612753548152921802…50416476111479518721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.322 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23225507096305843605…00832952222959037441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.645 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46451014192611687210…01665904445918074881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
9.290 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
92902028385223374420…03331808891836149761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.858 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18580405677044674884…06663617783672299521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.716 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37160811354089349768…13327235567344599041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,775,605 XPM·at block #6,816,434 · updates every 60s
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