Block #310,222

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/13/2013, 11:37:22 PM · Difficulty 9.9951 · 6,496,117 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
65c488bbb2a7c0dc58deb9e38505c426a68942ba20bd3f9e18931b4479b23bbf

Height

#310,222

Difficulty

9.995100

Transactions

7

Size

1.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

09febede

Nonce

108,054

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 11:37:22 PM

Confirmations

6,496,117

Merkle Root

2d7c2e50b3273e8ff56143503ebfa0180a2842ae8b57ab12155bb0950013b1e4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.074 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10740654824035246685…53669253947784979599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.074 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10740654824035246685…53669253947784979599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.074 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10740654824035246685…53669253947784979601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.148 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21481309648070493370…07338507895569959199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.148 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21481309648070493370…07338507895569959201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.296 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42962619296140986741…14677015791139918399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.296 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42962619296140986741…14677015791139918401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.592 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85925238592281973483…29354031582279836799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.592 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85925238592281973483…29354031582279836801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.718 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17185047718456394696…58708063164559673599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.718 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17185047718456394696…58708063164559673601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,694,796 XPM·at block #6,806,338 · updates every 60s
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