Block #309,518

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/13/2013, 3:45:54 PM · Difficulty 9.9948 · 6,499,454 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
76fd38d599368f22be02d5a38b65a42a29ea052bb9bb13f08bc14cf9f9dd3d15

Height

#309,518

Difficulty

9.994846

Transactions

1

Size

1.11 KB

Version

2

Bits

09feae3d

Nonce

1,180

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 3:45:54 PM

Confirmations

6,499,454

Merkle Root

6b0452eb26ae6f3c6e6ac9f1a3392b804c59de3e854d4342fdd93ccfc9298b07
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.092 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70923853482857450646…77033958440888328321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.092 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70923853482857450646…77033958440888328321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.418 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14184770696571490129…54067916881776656641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.836 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28369541393142980258…08135833763553313281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.673 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56739082786285960517…16271667527106626561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.134 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11347816557257192103…32543335054213253121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.269 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22695633114514384206…65086670108426506241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.539 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45391266229028768413…30173340216853012481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.078 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
90782532458057536827…60346680433706024961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.815 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18156506491611507365…20693360867412049921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.631 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36313012983223014730…41386721734824099841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,715,831 XPM·at block #6,808,971 · updates every 60s
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