Block #309,234

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/13/2013, 12:16:22 PM · Difficulty 9.9948 · 6,504,997 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a9658b896f82bd0fcac53cd401450a50228154673f0dacec215f1306003f396f

Height

#309,234

Difficulty

9.994762

Transactions

13

Size

3.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fea8bb

Nonce

26,912

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 12:16:22 PM

Confirmations

6,504,997

Merkle Root

ede4d916c68af2c655b3ec49f88aefd9f53a3e569b465d6583db204a84d08da1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.295 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52958124713512435788…62203539435397273601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.295 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52958124713512435788…62203539435397273601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.059 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10591624942702487157…24407078870794547201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.118 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21183249885404974315…48814157741589094401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.236 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42366499770809948631…97628315483178188801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.473 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
84732999541619897262…95256630966356377601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.694 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16946599908323979452…90513261932712755201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.389 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33893199816647958904…81026523865425510401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.778 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
67786399633295917809…62053047730851020801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.355 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13557279926659183561…24106095461702041601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,757,919 XPM·at block #6,814,230 · updates every 60s
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