Block #308,920

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/13/2013, 8:36:41 AM · Difficulty 9.9947 · 6,506,131 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
23d7ca4b9a06facb0560bd50e73bb7d771fe6d124d5f4d040634242466470766

Height

#308,920

Difficulty

9.994654

Transactions

12

Size

3.37 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fea1a7

Nonce

40,150

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 8:36:41 AM

Confirmations

6,506,131

Merkle Root

c31874082b6aadc77d70ef6820395696f962e53d2d816c9e99c5c9c80c35c1ac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.688 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76887082015972040071…96964673168095182079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.688 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76887082015972040071…96964673168095182079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.688 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76887082015972040071…96964673168095182081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.537 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15377416403194408014…93929346336190364159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.537 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15377416403194408014…93929346336190364161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.075 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30754832806388816028…87858692672380728319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.075 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30754832806388816028…87858692672380728321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.150 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61509665612777632057…75717385344761456639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.150 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61509665612777632057…75717385344761456641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12301933122555526411…51434770689522913279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12301933122555526411…51434770689522913281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,764,499 XPM·at block #6,815,050 · updates every 60s
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