Block #308,893

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/13/2013, 8:17:11 AM · Difficulty 9.9946 · 6,491,347 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f7887da17276d444aa425ca4e4753062e834ef6b560fe30ef6caf89b7ee5c8fc

Height

#308,893

Difficulty

9.994645

Transactions

21

Size

9.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fea106

Nonce

164,751

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 8:17:11 AM

Confirmations

6,491,347

Merkle Root

5e2152a4246d817240e45bab5aac4c8fbb494ae19b051a75d358810eb8974f30
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.000 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10004260975825400655…93549012582535636639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.000 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10004260975825400655…93549012582535636639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.000 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10004260975825400655…93549012582535636641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.000 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20008521951650801310…87098025165071273279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.000 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20008521951650801310…87098025165071273281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.001 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40017043903301602621…74196050330142546559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.001 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40017043903301602621…74196050330142546561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.003 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
80034087806603205243…48392100660285093119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.003 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
80034087806603205243…48392100660285093121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.600 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16006817561320641048…96784201320570186239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.600 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16006817561320641048…96784201320570186241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,645,975 XPM·at block #6,800,239 · updates every 60s
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