Block #308,822

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/13/2013, 7:20:28 AM · Difficulty 9.9946 · 6,486,626 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0aca36cb2fcda1164a036f768b8759fac06b5762dd887a32a89bd3155fb4db20

Height

#308,822

Difficulty

9.994626

Transactions

8

Size

2.56 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe9fc7

Nonce

86,817

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 7:20:28 AM

Confirmations

6,486,626

Merkle Root

8a16399bb2813201f3f0d23f9868a412f43c3e83e7f3b81547d2260240487caf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.632 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
76324495885335650870…35367559825653614079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.632 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
76324495885335650870…35367559825653614079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.632 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
76324495885335650870…35367559825653614081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.526 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
15264899177067130174…70735119651307228159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.526 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
15264899177067130174…70735119651307228161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.052 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30529798354134260348…41470239302614456319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.052 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30529798354134260348…41470239302614456321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.105 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
61059596708268520696…82940478605228912639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.105 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
61059596708268520696…82940478605228912641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.221 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12211919341653704139…65880957210457825279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.221 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12211919341653704139…65880957210457825281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,607,649 XPM·at block #6,795,447 · updates every 60s
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