Block #308,759

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/13/2013, 6:34:07 AM · Difficulty 9.9946 · 6,507,588 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fc17a6f42263d68f09c3c36cb2fab2f1128b5505feda5178f940745c4356ab77

Height

#308,759

Difficulty

9.994607

Transactions

9

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe9e8b

Nonce

27,939

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 6:34:07 AM

Confirmations

6,507,588

Merkle Root

6de5340e7db7f767217c2576370785b12a7b5868246ac1667c129e9d00779990
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.735 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47354563104366100117…67237758091562413439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.735 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47354563104366100117…67237758091562413439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.735 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47354563104366100117…67237758091562413441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.470 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
94709126208732200235…34475516183124826879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.470 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
94709126208732200235…34475516183124826881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.894 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18941825241746440047…68951032366249653759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.894 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18941825241746440047…68951032366249653761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.788 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37883650483492880094…37902064732499307519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.788 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37883650483492880094…37902064732499307521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.576 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75767300966985760188…75804129464998615039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.576 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75767300966985760188…75804129464998615041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,774,900 XPM·at block #6,816,346 · updates every 60s
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