Block #308,466

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/13/2013, 3:10:37 AM · Difficulty 9.9945 · 6,502,546 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
99d347f2d754512c852b9a447e14c44db46aaccf1a4ee9c3f27157ec570220cc

Height

#308,466

Difficulty

9.994502

Transactions

18

Size

5.97 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe97b3

Nonce

4,725

Timestamp

12/13/2013, 3:10:37 AM

Confirmations

6,502,546

Merkle Root

936b9f0d0cc8c538602484fa60447edaae66ecc32b6f832127ad3bcc933fdebd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14655906402199250140…93717690699582671359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14655906402199250140…93717690699582671359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14655906402199250140…93717690699582671361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.931 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29311812804398500280…87435381399165342719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.931 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29311812804398500280…87435381399165342721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.862 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58623625608797000560…74870762798330685439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.862 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58623625608797000560…74870762798330685441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.172 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11724725121759400112…49741525596661370879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.172 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11724725121759400112…49741525596661370881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.344 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23449450243518800224…99483051193322741759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.344 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23449450243518800224…99483051193322741761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,201 XPM·at block #6,811,011 · updates every 60s
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