Block #3,082,406

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/7/2019, 11:32:51 AM · Difficulty 11.0223 · 3,756,735 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6d2d17e9564433c3c4592ee3af3f5ff7b88463e22c31256bcc0c209b0bbd928c

Height

#3,082,406

Difficulty

11.022283

Transactions

9

Size

2.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b05b45a

Nonce

1,163,654,765

Timestamp

3/7/2019, 11:32:51 AM

Confirmations

3,756,735

Merkle Root

66e8a9a4ad87baeb7eaca11f4fde7fa80b4fbc5861d92d3eda466efac9ef01de
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.282 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12827765762790240256…32932073542359316479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.282 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12827765762790240256…32932073542359316479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.282 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12827765762790240256…32932073542359316481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.565 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25655531525580480512…65864147084718632959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.565 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25655531525580480512…65864147084718632961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.131 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51311063051160961025…31728294169437265919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.131 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51311063051160961025…31728294169437265921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10262212610232192205…63456588338874531839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10262212610232192205…63456588338874531841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20524425220464384410…26913176677749063679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20524425220464384410…26913176677749063681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.104 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41048850440928768820…53826353355498127359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,957,407 XPM·at block #6,839,140 · updates every 60s
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