Block #307,861

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2013, 7:35:16 PM · Difficulty 9.9943 · 6,506,156 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
663fd803401a520d7ee7fe0c4dc22c6b751803c3e859226dc4f0e8e43c2d98f9

Height

#307,861

Difficulty

9.994316

Transactions

11

Size

3.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe8b7d

Nonce

20,461

Timestamp

12/12/2013, 7:35:16 PM

Confirmations

6,506,156

Merkle Root

204de2c86a7024aa506bc8d43eba488517ed2c0409676250e573f800675a79ff
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50984552742802615901…57420744452706348399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50984552742802615901…57420744452706348399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50984552742802615901…57420744452706348401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.019 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10196910548560523180…14841488905412696799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.019 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10196910548560523180…14841488905412696801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.039 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20393821097121046360…29682977810825393599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.039 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20393821097121046360…29682977810825393601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.078 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40787642194242092721…59365955621650787199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.078 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40787642194242092721…59365955621650787201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.157 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81575284388484185442…18731911243301574399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.157 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81575284388484185442…18731911243301574401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,756,220 XPM·at block #6,814,016 · updates every 60s
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