Block #307,716

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2013, 5:42:14 PM · Difficulty 9.9943 · 6,508,727 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
baf6789d4f3365e1c3f892726d10d42c655d6cc17e040d744d3e9c238624ee54

Height

#307,716

Difficulty

9.994275

Transactions

8

Size

2.69 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe88d0

Nonce

3,258

Timestamp

12/12/2013, 5:42:14 PM

Confirmations

6,508,727

Merkle Root

b581f94c652450c4fe5de80ca92a9b514e2580b673937b1232a03d60e17efd26
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.513 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15136761559945667760…48914334475162490879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.513 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15136761559945667760…48914334475162490879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.513 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15136761559945667760…48914334475162490881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.027 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30273523119891335520…97828668950324981759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.027 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30273523119891335520…97828668950324981761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.054 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60547046239782671041…95657337900649963519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.054 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60547046239782671041…95657337900649963521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.210 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12109409247956534208…91314675801299927039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.210 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12109409247956534208…91314675801299927041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.421 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24218818495913068416…82629351602599854079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,775,670 XPM·at block #6,816,442 · updates every 60s
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