Block #307,275

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2013, 11:51:18 AM · Difficulty 9.9942 · 6,508,688 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ef60d91dac3934d509e6152a5f21e3b9751b5f2fee9877cdec8428f7c28f6161

Height

#307,275

Difficulty

9.994158

Transactions

7

Size

1.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe812b

Nonce

116,708

Timestamp

12/12/2013, 11:51:18 AM

Confirmations

6,508,688

Merkle Root

23f09e10c7959a42bba2ddc85ebc1a0b4db01a0bab7b838ebb4ad39860a6b42c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.946 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
29465570454866628788…01380426439617950719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.946 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
29465570454866628788…01380426439617950719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.946 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
29465570454866628788…01380426439617950721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.893 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
58931140909733257576…02760852879235901439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.893 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
58931140909733257576…02760852879235901441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.178 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11786228181946651515…05521705758471802879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.178 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11786228181946651515…05521705758471802881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.357 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
23572456363893303030…11043411516943605759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.357 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
23572456363893303030…11043411516943605761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.714 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
47144912727786606061…22086823033887211519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,771,819 XPM·at block #6,815,962 · updates every 60s
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