Block #307,165

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2013, 10:31:46 AM · Difficulty 9.9941 · 6,498,971 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4b3303184b28e3bf75ef43a523207f4b9fec3609f18250810ea3c3df9547fca1

Height

#307,165

Difficulty

9.994120

Transactions

13

Size

3.28 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe7ea5

Nonce

515,682

Timestamp

12/12/2013, 10:31:46 AM

Confirmations

6,498,971

Merkle Root

7e2db19bb7132e29e55bc34cfacab935f026acd1770b26f1e7c3867646c60c27
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.084 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10841597632960288691…34328684228682306559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.084 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10841597632960288691…34328684228682306559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.084 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10841597632960288691…34328684228682306561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.168 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21683195265920577383…68657368457364613119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.168 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21683195265920577383…68657368457364613121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.336 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
43366390531841154766…37314736914729226239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.336 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
43366390531841154766…37314736914729226241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.673 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
86732781063682309532…74629473829458452479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.673 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
86732781063682309532…74629473829458452481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.734 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17346556212736461906…49258947658916904959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.734 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17346556212736461906…49258947658916904961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,693,166 XPM·at block #6,806,135 · updates every 60s
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