Block #307,014

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2013, 8:56:48 AM · Difficulty 9.9940 · 6,502,424 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3d0ee3129b6ff5351ef007ad5d81191381ca114e3bbb0fe2de620ee153c538ee

Height

#307,014

Difficulty

9.994048

Transactions

8

Size

3.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe79ed

Nonce

4,193

Timestamp

12/12/2013, 8:56:48 AM

Confirmations

6,502,424

Merkle Root

bd227dc4cc8b53d90c0ad6e0f2c9317af7134cecb1b683ddd9ce1a08fc764eea
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.397 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
93977376409657598071…93747818430818530999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.397 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
93977376409657598071…93747818430818530999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.397 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
93977376409657598071…93747818430818531001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.879 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18795475281931519614…87495636861637061999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.879 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18795475281931519614…87495636861637062001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.759 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
37590950563863039228…74991273723274123999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.759 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
37590950563863039228…74991273723274124001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.518 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
75181901127726078457…49982547446548247999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.518 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
75181901127726078457…49982547446548248001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.503 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15036380225545215691…99965094893096495999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.503 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15036380225545215691…99965094893096496001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,719,573 XPM·at block #6,809,437 · updates every 60s
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