Block #306,537

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2013, 2:33:28 AM · Difficulty 9.9939 · 6,489,525 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a99891bc7e6dc463250c606383a7dac2a3010d0b7c2d22e3e17958957183534f

Height

#306,537

Difficulty

9.993921

Transactions

10

Size

2.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe7199

Nonce

14,270

Timestamp

12/12/2013, 2:33:28 AM

Confirmations

6,489,525

Merkle Root

3811eccccdac40d1205e87dd728a85a8e502c3aba2ddf7eace0b82d5c6c22fc3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.571 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15717507588156892878…58267928335773132799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.571 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15717507588156892878…58267928335773132799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.571 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15717507588156892878…58267928335773132801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.143 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31435015176313785757…16535856671546265599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.143 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31435015176313785757…16535856671546265601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.287 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62870030352627571514…33071713343092531199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.287 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62870030352627571514…33071713343092531201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.257 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12574006070525514302…66143426686185062399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.257 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12574006070525514302…66143426686185062401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.514 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25148012141051028605…32286853372370124799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,612,592 XPM·at block #6,796,061 · updates every 60s
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