Block #306,109

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 8:43:55 PM · Difficulty 9.9938 · 6,490,515 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
296ce45a31439c9af0c8a10c1d8b2ef1131aba7b1a05d516b6e62a495800d69d

Height

#306,109

Difficulty

9.993810

Transactions

12

Size

2.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe6a5c

Nonce

394,631

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 8:43:55 PM

Confirmations

6,490,515

Merkle Root

1ade5e5f3d8898e992504f3612ce8736b3504f71b02f16f4a180a5cd37a534c9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.903 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49030676680245282439…79832786852228000319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.903 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49030676680245282439…79832786852228000319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.903 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49030676680245282439…79832786852228000321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.806 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98061353360490564879…59665573704456000639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.806 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98061353360490564879…59665573704456000641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.961 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19612270672098112975…19331147408912001279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.961 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19612270672098112975…19331147408912001281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.922 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39224541344196225951…38662294817824002559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.922 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39224541344196225951…38662294817824002561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.844 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78449082688392451903…77324589635648005119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,616,991 XPM·at block #6,796,623 · updates every 60s
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