Block #305,952

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 6:45:34 PM · Difficulty 9.9938 · 6,499,163 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
46c86c262a616a1dc30654abc288f6723107c6eeafeb1858d5317d65f13b7b64

Height

#305,952

Difficulty

9.993754

Transactions

8

Size

3.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe66af

Nonce

42,755

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 6:45:34 PM

Confirmations

6,499,163

Merkle Root

b4145cef14d20e2da87bf96d8eac51f09d8356018f8ab33d22628c42aae18ae8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.682 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26827146539809000199…06383838970353430719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.682 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26827146539809000199…06383838970353430719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.682 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26827146539809000199…06383838970353430721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.365 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53654293079618000399…12767677940706861439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.365 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53654293079618000399…12767677940706861441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.073 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10730858615923600079…25535355881413722879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.073 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10730858615923600079…25535355881413722881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.146 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21461717231847200159…51070711762827445759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.146 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21461717231847200159…51070711762827445761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.292 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
42923434463694400319…02141423525654891519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,684,989 XPM·at block #6,805,114 · updates every 60s
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