Block #305,785

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 4:45:20 PM · Difficulty 9.9937 · 6,498,152 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
79830614d522309ac82453961a099f48672f776870ac3e958d9aa65c71bf975c

Height

#305,785

Difficulty

9.993691

Transactions

15

Size

5.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe6284

Nonce

4,989

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 4:45:20 PM

Confirmations

6,498,152

Merkle Root

54c543a984d0cdab344814bcdc8be25a8e279894399dc8c9d2d42311a777e9d1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.757 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
87574769204827707746…91227373053062442879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.757 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
87574769204827707746…91227373053062442879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.757 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
87574769204827707746…91227373053062442881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.751 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17514953840965541549…82454746106124885759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.751 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17514953840965541549…82454746106124885761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.502 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
35029907681931083098…64909492212249771519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.502 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
35029907681931083098…64909492212249771521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.005 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
70059815363862166197…29818984424499543039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.005 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
70059815363862166197…29818984424499543041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.401 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
14011963072772433239…59637968848999086079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.401 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
14011963072772433239…59637968848999086081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,675,546 XPM·at block #6,803,936 · updates every 60s
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