Block #3,056,466

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/17/2019, 6:52:04 AM · Difficulty 11.0055 · 3,786,083 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0b9a7c119943050ab7a0b396141d4e41b00dc2e66a05ecf39e918505f4191132

Height

#3,056,466

Difficulty

11.005456

Transactions

6

Size

4.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b01658d

Nonce

970,696,886

Timestamp

2/17/2019, 6:52:04 AM

Confirmations

3,786,083

Merkle Root

9acfc86fd1502e98109706031b11ce5328d453639ee10ade13d69009dfb813d0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.539 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25394821559394785812…19844045814614261759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.539 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25394821559394785812…19844045814614261759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.539 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25394821559394785812…19844045814614261761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.078 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50789643118789571625…39688091629228523519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.078 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
50789643118789571625…39688091629228523521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.015 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10157928623757914325…79376183258457047039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.015 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10157928623757914325…79376183258457047041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.031 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20315857247515828650…58752366516914094079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.031 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20315857247515828650…58752366516914094081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.063 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40631714495031657300…17504733033828188159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.063 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40631714495031657300…17504733033828188161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.126 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81263428990063314600…35009466067656376319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,984,817 XPM·at block #6,842,548 · updates every 60s
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