Block #305,596

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 2:16:23 PM · Difficulty 9.9936 · 6,506,980 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
edd3887627cc997674c817d7fe2ebf707b6d8062e3278b7405ad1e4312c6d7c0

Height

#305,596

Difficulty

9.993633

Transactions

6

Size

1.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe5eb8

Nonce

41,552

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 2:16:23 PM

Confirmations

6,506,980

Merkle Root

d32a296b42b818d5c8d5d4d3b4de2f7259c1a0d292269f894ab7cc705717830a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.413 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34139295472479950905…87930087711055842719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.413 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34139295472479950905…87930087711055842719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.413 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34139295472479950905…87930087711055842721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.827 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68278590944959901811…75860175422111685439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.827 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68278590944959901811…75860175422111685441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.365 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13655718188991980362…51720350844223370879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.365 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13655718188991980362…51720350844223370881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.731 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27311436377983960724…03440701688446741759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.731 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27311436377983960724…03440701688446741761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.462 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54622872755967921449…06881403376893483519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.462 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54622872755967921449…06881403376893483521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,744,642 XPM·at block #6,812,575 · updates every 60s
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