Block #305,521

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 1:22:38 PM · Difficulty 9.9936 · 6,493,652 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
37ec756c612dee4793d519802c8d114c750b20aaf50a6d6e5cbe9922809ce15d

Height

#305,521

Difficulty

9.993605

Transactions

6

Size

1.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe5ced

Nonce

359,037

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 1:22:38 PM

Confirmations

6,493,652

Merkle Root

443dded4263f610ecf101a37021685e4836d06684c9ec143ce92d69f755c0650
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.165 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11652469529429127739…64854716389822105599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.165 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11652469529429127739…64854716389822105599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.165 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11652469529429127739…64854716389822105601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.330 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23304939058858255478…29709432779644211199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.330 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23304939058858255478…29709432779644211201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.660 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46609878117716510957…59418865559288422399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.660 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46609878117716510957…59418865559288422401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.321 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
93219756235433021915…18837731118576844799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.321 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
93219756235433021915…18837731118576844801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.864 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18643951247086604383…37675462237153689599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.864 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18643951247086604383…37675462237153689601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,637,420 XPM·at block #6,799,172 · updates every 60s
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