Block #305,393

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 11:34:30 AM · Difficulty 9.9936 · 6,501,354 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9cecec68db9bb4d79a60c442d04cb0cd2ebacb2c173a84d349cd54f6f1f79183

Height

#305,393

Difficulty

9.993576

Transactions

15

Size

7.70 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe5b00

Nonce

19,792

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 11:34:30 AM

Confirmations

6,501,354

Merkle Root

65ad752a2c829f23f781535eb2ed10a69323b2823db9adecd5d6d7959efd30d3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.302 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73029056569516952308…41265042522217581759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.302 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73029056569516952308…41265042522217581759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.302 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
73029056569516952308…41265042522217581761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.460 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14605811313903390461…82530085044435163519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.460 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14605811313903390461…82530085044435163521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.921 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
29211622627806780923…65060170088870327039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.921 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
29211622627806780923…65060170088870327041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.842 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58423245255613561847…30120340177740654079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.842 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58423245255613561847…30120340177740654081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.168 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11684649051122712369…60240680355481308159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.168 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11684649051122712369…60240680355481308161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,698,074 XPM·at block #6,806,746 · updates every 60s
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