Block #305,203

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 8:50:18 AM · Difficulty 9.9935 · 6,489,671 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c0a5a1e135b836d345f9ce5134da556b00ed5bad92aa84c13aa6447b32aa5346

Height

#305,203

Difficulty

9.993537

Transactions

16

Size

5.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe5870

Nonce

192,993

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 8:50:18 AM

Confirmations

6,489,671

Merkle Root

3381e8c1da8b7cd527b18ade42653b9f3cb3e8b7636372f240ea8241cf96fe26
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.483 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44834518540927925046…32707674910636687359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.483 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44834518540927925046…32707674910636687359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.483 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44834518540927925046…32707674910636687361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.966 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89669037081855850093…65415349821273374719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.966 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89669037081855850093…65415349821273374721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.793 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17933807416371170018…30830699642546749439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.793 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17933807416371170018…30830699642546749441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.586 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35867614832742340037…61661399285093498879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.586 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35867614832742340037…61661399285093498881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.173 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
71735229665484680074…23322798570186997759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.173 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
71735229665484680074…23322798570186997761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,603,025 XPM·at block #6,794,873 · updates every 60s
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