Block #305,121

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 7:48:15 AM · Difficulty 9.9935 · 6,495,186 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
09adaaadbad7bc6f939cd6c9e2e2968478f5ff5d1cdcf5636022c8069208bc97

Height

#305,121

Difficulty

9.993510

Transactions

15

Size

3.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe56b3

Nonce

125,810

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 7:48:15 AM

Confirmations

6,495,186

Merkle Root

b59651be3c4f3266600ec9017998b0a54d08311d8f5d341349a04ea6a854c932
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.025 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30256592813833675356…08932915793020745919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.025 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30256592813833675356…08932915793020745919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.025 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30256592813833675356…08932915793020745921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.051 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
60513185627667350712…17865831586041491839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.051 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
60513185627667350712…17865831586041491841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.210 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12102637125533470142…35731663172082983679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.210 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12102637125533470142…35731663172082983681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.420 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24205274251066940284…71463326344165967359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.420 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24205274251066940284…71463326344165967361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.841 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
48410548502133880569…42926652688331934719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.841 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
48410548502133880569…42926652688331934721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,646,519 XPM·at block #6,800,306 · updates every 60s
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