Block #305,062

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 6:56:53 AM · Difficulty 9.9935 · 6,498,685 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c7268129401acb6b1bee34b49ec92a859803f89b5f9fca9bd5f8f865aa26d8fd

Height

#305,062

Difficulty

9.993497

Transactions

12

Size

8.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe55d2

Nonce

175,135

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 6:56:53 AM

Confirmations

6,498,685

Merkle Root

f1bb7ec1770edd8b1135cbfe35f48de5d7fd2ed306fbf59ad8e274ae26325edc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.749 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17492513186821119855…57897496147335595839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.749 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17492513186821119855…57897496147335595839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.749 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17492513186821119855…57897496147335595841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.498 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34985026373642239710…15794992294671191679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.498 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34985026373642239710…15794992294671191681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.997 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
69970052747284479420…31589984589342383359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.997 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
69970052747284479420…31589984589342383361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.399 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13994010549456895884…63179969178684766719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.399 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13994010549456895884…63179969178684766721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.798 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27988021098913791768…26359938357369533439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.798 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27988021098913791768…26359938357369533441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,674,014 XPM·at block #6,803,746 · updates every 60s
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