Block #305,042

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 6:36:20 AM · Difficulty 9.9935 · 6,486,749 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd67d2fad65357a9182c95e317cd5edbc59fce07a0ebe37f5e72bda82b1c753b

Height

#305,042

Difficulty

9.993496

Transactions

9

Size

6.40 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe55c3

Nonce

13,151

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 6:36:20 AM

Confirmations

6,486,749

Merkle Root

12d1b1e4581026cb3cbbe4b4647488b7f11d1b9e9b211165cc3723f55ded3e8e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.038 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30383899203695031465…41625133280331867199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.038 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30383899203695031465…41625133280331867199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.038 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30383899203695031465…41625133280331867201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.076 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
60767798407390062931…83250266560663734399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.076 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
60767798407390062931…83250266560663734401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.215 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12153559681478012586…66500533121327468799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.215 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12153559681478012586…66500533121327468801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.430 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
24307119362956025172…33001066242654937599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.430 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
24307119362956025172…33001066242654937601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.861 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
48614238725912050345…66002132485309875199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.861 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
48614238725912050345…66002132485309875201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,578,271 XPM·at block #6,791,790 · updates every 60s
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