Block #3,049,724

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/12/2019, 11:58:43 AM · Difficulty 11.0005 · 3,790,060 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e685cde13236f30fec1c79c07d18510a7109e70a5532fd6f619344ec252b73df

Height

#3,049,724

Difficulty

11.000549

Transactions

17

Size

6.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b0023f9

Nonce

946,654,797

Timestamp

2/12/2019, 11:58:43 AM

Confirmations

3,790,060

Merkle Root

a105ee51a147e354937c86ba771adff35db1c217e1a64eb757d2a320585e9549
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.032 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30323600990904025889…25597654170310923039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.032 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30323600990904025889…25597654170310923039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.032 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30323600990904025889…25597654170310923041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.064 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60647201981808051779…51195308340621846079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.064 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60647201981808051779…51195308340621846081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.212 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12129440396361610355…02390616681243692159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.212 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12129440396361610355…02390616681243692161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.425 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24258880792723220711…04781233362487384319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.425 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24258880792723220711…04781233362487384321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.851 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48517761585446441423…09562466724974768639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.851 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48517761585446441423…09562466724974768641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.703 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97035523170892882846…19124933449949537279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,962,562 XPM·at block #6,839,783 · updates every 60s
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