Block #304,815

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2013, 3:21:16 AM · Difficulty 9.9934 · 6,498,331 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f7d94b7ddaa62539f1490b61a6fd9a2d6a7a81c9918a736ea114ed05886c6f19

Height

#304,815

Difficulty

9.993449

Transactions

8

Size

2.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe52a5

Nonce

54,718

Timestamp

12/11/2013, 3:21:16 AM

Confirmations

6,498,331

Merkle Root

0ec51e146c7be795cd1f324dc18f5e78e48fd37a48a668d79c81cec69f125fd0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.281 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12811833571430429538…52224180400462847999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.281 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12811833571430429538…52224180400462847999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.281 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12811833571430429538…52224180400462848001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.562 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25623667142860859076…04448360800925695999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.562 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25623667142860859076…04448360800925696001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.124 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51247334285721718153…08896721601851391999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.124 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51247334285721718153…08896721601851392001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.024 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10249466857144343630…17793443203702783999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.024 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10249466857144343630…17793443203702784001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.049 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20498933714288687261…35586886407405567999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.049 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20498933714288687261…35586886407405568001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,669,201 XPM·at block #6,803,145 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.