Block #304,495

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 11:03:26 PM · Difficulty 9.9934 · 6,502,712 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1770e48ae01d759db1c7ffa88f9edf401c71973aa84fbadf7da61a0afe1284e4

Height

#304,495

Difficulty

9.993357

Transactions

7

Size

4.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe4ca7

Nonce

68,558

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 11:03:26 PM

Confirmations

6,502,712

Merkle Root

0149e8d7cbf55d37ad1426ab4f9c39464a661c1e396db9509c626a6762ba0a76
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.465 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34650079159099701421…43817185631087961599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.465 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34650079159099701421…43817185631087961599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.465 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34650079159099701421…43817185631087961601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.930 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
69300158318199402843…87634371262175923199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.930 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
69300158318199402843…87634371262175923201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.386 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13860031663639880568…75268742524351846399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.386 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13860031663639880568…75268742524351846401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.772 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27720063327279761137…50537485048703692799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.772 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27720063327279761137…50537485048703692801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.544 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55440126654559522274…01074970097407385599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.544 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55440126654559522274…01074970097407385601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,701,671 XPM·at block #6,807,206 · updates every 60s
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