Block #304,416

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 10:07:40 PM · Difficulty 9.9933 · 6,498,248 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a8f4dc2706fe84a8dfe44d945b65384fc6833f0c1e03c68fc9ba68f29bf80118

Height

#304,416

Difficulty

9.993324

Transactions

12

Size

3.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe4a81

Nonce

135,874

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 10:07:40 PM

Confirmations

6,498,248

Merkle Root

7a9368cbfe1e1fbf2974ab925001b7dcb7d76bd5d7b36f5cbf8a18d572524dcd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.774 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27749428864430089726…80889399432173861989
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.774 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27749428864430089726…80889399432173861989
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.774 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27749428864430089726…80889399432173861991
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.549 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55498857728860179453…61778798864347723979
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.549 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55498857728860179453…61778798864347723981
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.109 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11099771545772035890…23557597728695447959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.109 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11099771545772035890…23557597728695447961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.219 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22199543091544071781…47115195457390895919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.219 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22199543091544071781…47115195457390895921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.439 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44399086183088143562…94230390914781791839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,665,331 XPM·at block #6,802,663 · updates every 60s
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