Block #304,193

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 7:11:25 PM · Difficulty 9.9933 · 6,512,866 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5692b3702c5d3e909eac1102e0213cd23426d64eb3e066b0fc4f34ee122eee31

Height

#304,193

Difficulty

9.993257

Transactions

13

Size

3.10 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe4617

Nonce

140,687

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 7:11:25 PM

Confirmations

6,512,866

Merkle Root

738f4a99d731eb1d329d21f39df58fa8e5cabc28d17307df7c66e8a9eda2c661
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.750 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27502947791410145872…99951508362968170239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.750 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27502947791410145872…99951508362968170239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.750 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27502947791410145872…99951508362968170241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.500 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55005895582820291745…99903016725936340479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.500 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55005895582820291745…99903016725936340481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.100 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11001179116564058349…99806033451872680959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.100 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11001179116564058349…99806033451872680961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.200 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22002358233128116698…99612066903745361919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.200 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22002358233128116698…99612066903745361921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.400 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44004716466256233396…99224133807490723839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.400 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44004716466256233396…99224133807490723841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,780,506 XPM·at block #6,817,058 · updates every 60s
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