Block #304,178

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 7:01:27 PM · Difficulty 9.9932 · 6,510,851 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7b0984699e88f79d31c8a1823cf7ac0b51c66b7836f1ff0e81142448faa05540

Height

#304,178

Difficulty

9.993249

Transactions

8

Size

2.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe458a

Nonce

103,197

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 7:01:27 PM

Confirmations

6,510,851

Merkle Root

598964c42ee95b9d4592d07d9197f8cb9d54f4a687b4a9136a2fdd09f962af65
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.392 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23922371369394326607…39266106029952300479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.392 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23922371369394326607…39266106029952300479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.392 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23922371369394326607…39266106029952300481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.784 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47844742738788653215…78532212059904600959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.784 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47844742738788653215…78532212059904600961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.568 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95689485477577306430…57064424119809201919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.568 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95689485477577306430…57064424119809201921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.913 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19137897095515461286…14128848239618403839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.913 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
19137897095515461286…14128848239618403841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.827 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
38275794191030922572…28257696479236807679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.827 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
38275794191030922572…28257696479236807681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,764,321 XPM·at block #6,815,028 · updates every 60s
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