Block #3,041,226

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/6/2019, 10:32:10 AM · Difficulty 11.0194 · 3,801,563 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d51cc47356f9e50a92d30b4f12bd2e3e54ca26cc7293525d79ef91fd4af74881

Height

#3,041,226

Difficulty

11.019399

Transactions

6

Size

2.50 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b04f756

Nonce

1,071,666,542

Timestamp

2/6/2019, 10:32:10 AM

Confirmations

3,801,563

Merkle Root

986bc1ae0c865d2f4c6479d00e957c144f8432ac534a0c98501fe30a5af8e517
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.941 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29414324885925749538…93867927419177432719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.941 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29414324885925749538…93867927419177432719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.941 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29414324885925749538…93867927419177432721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.882 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58828649771851499076…87735854838354865439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.882 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58828649771851499076…87735854838354865441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.176 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11765729954370299815…75471709676709730879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.176 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11765729954370299815…75471709676709730881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.353 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23531459908740599630…50943419353419461759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.353 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23531459908740599630…50943419353419461761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.706 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47062919817481199261…01886838706838923519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.706 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47062919817481199261…01886838706838923521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.412 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
94125839634962398522…03773677413677847039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,986,650 XPM·at block #6,842,788 · updates every 60s
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