Block #304,056

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 5:31:12 PM · Difficulty 9.9932 · 6,507,096 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7fa1b77e6f4ffc1f1979128956fac66fe3830624f2ff6bd89bc8db52fd28e1aa

Height

#304,056

Difficulty

9.993203

Transactions

11

Size

3.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe4289

Nonce

22,523

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 5:31:12 PM

Confirmations

6,507,096

Merkle Root

7793b3bbe165adc62909dce2b524cb22acf25289bece70361a98277590f30579
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.832 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
58329799865945855820…67451752880180079999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.832 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
58329799865945855820…67451752880180079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.832 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
58329799865945855820…67451752880180080001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.166 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
11665959973189171164…34903505760360159999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.166 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
11665959973189171164…34903505760360160001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.333 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
23331919946378342328…69807011520720319999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.333 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
23331919946378342328…69807011520720320001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.666 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
46663839892756684656…39614023041440639999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.666 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
46663839892756684656…39614023041440640001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.332 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
93327679785513369313…79228046082881279999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,733,326 XPM·at block #6,811,151 · updates every 60s
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