Block #303,873

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 3:00:03 PM · Difficulty 9.9932 · 6,495,302 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
546ab97d0ef0df0ae99460cd8189a1b6a7a6613492bc753417ee6b0b771f9d32

Height

#303,873

Difficulty

9.993155

Transactions

16

Size

4.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe3f63

Nonce

2,254

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 3:00:03 PM

Confirmations

6,495,302

Merkle Root

289e567ce7fff795b7d5cde8cb8b8eb8fd79b0067a3a3ac0f33fe908ed59c9b7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.966 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
79669897882547519878…31786498887769164799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.966 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
79669897882547519878…31786498887769164799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.966 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
79669897882547519878…31786498887769164801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.593 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15933979576509503975…63572997775538329599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.593 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15933979576509503975…63572997775538329601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.186 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
31867959153019007951…27145995551076659199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.186 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
31867959153019007951…27145995551076659201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.373 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
63735918306038015902…54291991102153318399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.373 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
63735918306038015902…54291991102153318401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.274 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
12747183661207603180…08583982204306636799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.274 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
12747183661207603180…08583982204306636801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,637,436 XPM·at block #6,799,174 · updates every 60s
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