Block #303,357

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 8:15:44 AM · Difficulty 9.9930 · 6,503,515 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d6c90af458439e2debec118f5e47395b027e529a8387fa949a8d8e2717436d26

Height

#303,357

Difficulty

9.992983

Transactions

15

Size

5.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe341d

Nonce

15,208

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 8:15:44 AM

Confirmations

6,503,515

Merkle Root

f56a8c9943c354d9a0d2e4ca2f62d36355ac16f82df4391d1f385d1f127b26c5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.656 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26568823838974891826…35829405278755071999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.656 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26568823838974891826…35829405278755071999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.656 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26568823838974891826…35829405278755072001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.313 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53137647677949783653…71658810557510143999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.313 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53137647677949783653…71658810557510144001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.062 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10627529535589956730…43317621115020287999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.062 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10627529535589956730…43317621115020288001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.125 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21255059071179913461…86635242230040575999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.125 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21255059071179913461…86635242230040576001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.251 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42510118142359826922…73270484460081151999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.251 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42510118142359826922…73270484460081152001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,699,083 XPM·at block #6,806,871 · updates every 60s
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