Block #303,315

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 7:50:28 AM · Difficulty 9.9930 · 6,513,104 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c6ecd9330a2a941c798d72af21488441376e59e51d7ee3c63e61911dc6000699

Height

#303,315

Difficulty

9.992958

Transactions

16

Size

4.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe3277

Nonce

19,737

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 7:50:28 AM

Confirmations

6,513,104

Merkle Root

70921eae7d86560ca0f98604507f91b1b1ddc3ba070311793c60c931177bb7b0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.427 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44275667280465304073…30028563285187891199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.427 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44275667280465304073…30028563285187891199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.427 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44275667280465304073…30028563285187891201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.855 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
88551334560930608147…60057126570375782399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.855 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
88551334560930608147…60057126570375782401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.771 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17710266912186121629…20114253140751564799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.771 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17710266912186121629…20114253140751564801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.542 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35420533824372243258…40228506281503129599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.542 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35420533824372243258…40228506281503129601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.084 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70841067648744486517…80457012563006259199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.084 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70841067648744486517…80457012563006259201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,775,479 XPM·at block #6,816,418 · updates every 60s
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