Block #303,249

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2013, 7:00:48 AM · Difficulty 9.9929 · 6,506,639 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
be0c8cf9ec4f096b01f97cbde4dd1fe1fc84a375650d96020e4c11ede2438d0b

Height

#303,249

Difficulty

9.992932

Transactions

16

Size

19.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe30c4

Nonce

26,572

Timestamp

12/10/2013, 7:00:48 AM

Confirmations

6,506,639

Merkle Root

9003f7dcdadd0ae8cce8b16afd7c3ffe8b0101d7128738dadc28295e771660c2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.152 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
21520812497048664399…31551953046243057599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.152 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
21520812497048664399…31551953046243057599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.152 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
21520812497048664399…31551953046243057601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.304 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
43041624994097328799…63103906092486115199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.304 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
43041624994097328799…63103906092486115201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.608 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
86083249988194657598…26207812184972230399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.608 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
86083249988194657598…26207812184972230401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.721 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17216649997638931519…52415624369944460799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.721 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17216649997638931519…52415624369944460801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.443 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34433299995277863039…04831248739888921599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.443 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
34433299995277863039…04831248739888921601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,723,192 XPM·at block #6,809,887 · updates every 60s
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