Block #3,016,796

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/19/2019, 9:32:49 PM · Difficulty 11.1673 · 3,825,330 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd2ae3a4bbaefc2dc20e6579e6f70770aeba7e0c268e0de98304246d9d92b952

Height

#3,016,796

Difficulty

11.167321

Transactions

20

Size

6.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b2ad58a

Nonce

381,398,301

Timestamp

1/19/2019, 9:32:49 PM

Confirmations

3,825,330

Merkle Root

0039490de11e385ba7c6124a939667b6402d8e7676bbffbdfd3b2f6e45b68a39
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.688 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36886197185899273068…73487108149970493439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.688 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36886197185899273068…73487108149970493439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.688 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36886197185899273068…73487108149970493441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.377 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73772394371798546136…46974216299940986879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.377 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73772394371798546136…46974216299940986881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.475 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14754478874359709227…93948432599881973759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.475 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14754478874359709227…93948432599881973761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.950 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29508957748719418454…87896865199763947519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.950 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29508957748719418454…87896865199763947521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.901 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59017915497438836909…75793730399527895039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.901 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59017915497438836909…75793730399527895041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.180 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11803583099487767381…51587460799055790079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,981,396 XPM·at block #6,842,125 · updates every 60s
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