Block #301,483

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/9/2013, 5:37:21 AM · Difficulty 9.9925 · 6,501,903 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d9d033ce0051b744ea3eb9433ae628d96d54abc82e1175b4aa7d87c71fbfb52c

Height

#301,483

Difficulty

9.992528

Transactions

16

Size

6.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe1650

Nonce

216,363

Timestamp

12/9/2013, 5:37:21 AM

Confirmations

6,501,903

Merkle Root

294bcc81aea9fac453f4a4fd7a0f4a1e212779d6e5b68dbedafc2acb96479f66
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.856 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28565158143278963304…40962216595510103039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.856 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28565158143278963304…40962216595510103039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.856 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28565158143278963304…40962216595510103041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.713 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
57130316286557926609…81924433191020206079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.713 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
57130316286557926609…81924433191020206081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.142 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11426063257311585321…63848866382040412159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.142 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11426063257311585321…63848866382040412161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.285 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22852126514623170643…27697732764080824319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.285 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22852126514623170643…27697732764080824321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.570 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45704253029246341287…55395465528161648639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.570 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45704253029246341287…55395465528161648641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,671,116 XPM·at block #6,803,385 · updates every 60s
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