Block #3,014,241

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/18/2019, 1:46:04 AM · Difficulty 11.1787 · 3,799,813 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
be84868ca46d0707640f766565fdec67df0e6d74ceaa3daea3e92d18d0264540

Height

#3,014,241

Difficulty

11.178690

Transactions

8

Size

2.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b2dbe9e

Nonce

1,966,081,525

Timestamp

1/18/2019, 1:46:04 AM

Confirmations

3,799,813

Merkle Root

a1c05383ee905f9e2920af3230bc7e0fbf8cb86e88767896759181bcbd57a399
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33354675323449894517…30979913443376269279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33354675323449894517…30979913443376269279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.335 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33354675323449894517…30979913443376269281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.670 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66709350646899789034…61959826886752538559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.670 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66709350646899789034…61959826886752538561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.334 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13341870129379957806…23919653773505077119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.334 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13341870129379957806…23919653773505077121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.668 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26683740258759915613…47839307547010154239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.668 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26683740258759915613…47839307547010154241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.336 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53367480517519831227…95678615094020308479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.336 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53367480517519831227…95678615094020308481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.067 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10673496103503966245…91357230188040616959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,756,508 XPM·at block #6,814,053 · updates every 60s
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