Block #301,413

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/9/2013, 4:31:48 AM · Difficulty 9.9925 · 6,523,952 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4424aacda446360f405042df8209d8b7ef1713349885e943569ad811ff1e2cb0

Height

#301,413

Difficulty

9.992522

Transactions

16

Size

7.54 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fe15f1

Nonce

561,720

Timestamp

12/9/2013, 4:31:48 AM

Confirmations

6,523,952

Merkle Root

0f7fdff84d9979a0c5cd12de86cd689e808d8b08f7797c5d11cfc05d6a731847
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.649 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96495407712508250232…44666615013069631919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.649 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96495407712508250232…44666615013069631919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.649 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96495407712508250232…44666615013069631921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.929 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19299081542501650046…89333230026139263839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.929 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19299081542501650046…89333230026139263841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.859 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38598163085003300093…78666460052278527679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.859 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38598163085003300093…78666460052278527681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.719 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
77196326170006600186…57332920104557055359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.719 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
77196326170006600186…57332920104557055361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.543 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15439265234001320037…14665840209114110719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.543 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15439265234001320037…14665840209114110721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,847,016 XPM·at block #6,825,364 · updates every 60s
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